Developing FreeCAD with GitKraken/de

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Vorwort

FreeCAD verwendet Git zur Verwaltung des Quellcodes. Dieses Dokument ist eine oberflächliche Einführung in GitKraken, eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche von Git. GitKraken ist eine proprietäre Software, die für den nicht kommerziellen Gebrauch kostenlos ist; du brauchst GitKraken nicht, um Code für FreeCAD zu entwickeln, aber viele Entwickler mögen es und finden es nützlich, ihre Entwicklung zu verwalten. FreeCAD unterstützt GitKraken nicht, aber wir hoffen, dass ein Leitfaden wie dieser den Anwendern zeigt, wie einfach es ist, die Entwicklungsumgebung einzurichten, und ermutigt mehr Menschen, sich zu beteiligen.

Weitere Informationen zur allgemeinen Git Nutzung über die Befehlszeile findest Du unter Source code management und im Online Buch Pro Git. Zur Kompilierung von FreeCAD siehe Kompilieren.

Einführung

Git ist ein leistungsfähiges Revisionskontrollsystem, das häufig verwendet wird, um die Entwicklung von Computercode zu verfolgen. Obwohl es sich um ein komplexes System handelt, benötigst Du in der Regel nur einige Hintergrundinformationen über die Funktionsweise und einige wenige Terminalbefehle. Eine grafische Benutzeroberfläche (GUI) erleichtert die Lernkurve. GitKraken ist ein proprietäres Programm, das für den nicht kommerziellen Gebrauch kostenlos ist und auf dem Gerüst Electron läuft, d.h. es ist plattformübergreifend und kann unter Linux, MacOS und Windows gleichermaßen verwendet werden.

Einrichten der Git Entwicklung

Es gibt unterschiedliche Wege zum Herunterladen von GitKraken, abhängig von Deinem Betriebssystem. In Linux Distributionen kann man es manchmal über den Paketmanager beziehen.

GitKraken Herunterladen.
Gehe in deinem Webbrowser zu: https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD.
Click the Fork button. This will clone the FreeCAD/FreeCAD repository to your own account. In other words the URL to access your fork will be:
```
https://github.com/GITHUBUSERNAME/FreeCAD.git
```
Öffne GitKraken, gehe zu Datei → Klone Repo, und gib diese addresse ein.
GitKraken wird nun dein persönliches Repositorium git klonen. Please read the difference between origin vs. upstream remote repository. Essentially, your fork of FreeCAD is the origin repository, while the official FreeCAD repository is upstream. You now need to set the upstream accordingly.
Locate the sidebar in Gitkraken. There is a Local and Remote section. Local refers to your local branches. Remote refers to remote repositories and their branches. Lets add the FreeCAD repo as a remote. In the Remote section click the + (as illustrated in the image below).
An Add Remote dialog will open. Click the Github symbol (1). In the Github repo field (2) find the FreeCAD/FreeCAD and click on it. In the Name field, type upstream. Then click the Add Button.
The dialog will close and switch back to GitKraken main interface. This time find the Local section in the sidebar; double click on the master branch so you switch to it. In the command line, this is equivalent to
```
git checkout master
```
Click on the Push icon on the top right side of the interface. This will push your Local master to your Remote origin master

Die GitKraken Oberfläche

Für weitere Informationen konsultiere GitKraken Erste Schritte Leitfaden.

*Local* indicates your local machine
Local master	Your local branch of the FreeCAD master branch, indicated by the blue line in the screenshot. The item is highlighted in green, meaning that the branch is currently active (`git checkout`).
Local <branch-name>	Any other branches on your local machine. In the screenshot you can see branches called `editor_fixes` and `editor_fixes_typos`

*Remote* indicates a remote repository, for example in GitHub
Remote upstream	The official FreeCAD repository `https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD`, indicated by the green line in the screenshot.
Remote origin	Your personal fork of FreeCAD, `https://github.com/YourGitHubUsername/FreeCAD`, indicated by the red line in the screenshot.

GitKraken interface showing three local branches including a local master, and remote origin and upstream repositories, each of which have a master and release branches.

In the image, the remote the Local master and Remote origin master branches are three commits behind the Remote upstream master, that is, the official FreeCAD source code. This is indicated by the icons being three steps behind in the chain that represents the commit history of the master branch. See Rebasing to update the branches that are behind.

Rebasing

Checkout the Local master branch by double clicking on it (git checkout master)
Move the mouse to the last upstream commit, right click, and choose Rebase master onto upstream/master (git pull upstream master)
Now press the Push button (git push origin master). This pushes from your Local master to the Remote origin master.

Rebasing a local master updates it so that it matches the contents of the upstream master.

Zweige

Branches are a feature that makes Git powerful compared to other revision systems. Branches aren't complete forks, but rather define snapshots where a version of the code starts diverging from the master branch. Whenever you want to modify the FreeCAD code, first create a branch, then make changes, and then merge your commits back to the master branch. With Git it is simple to create, merge and delete branches when you no longer need them. Please read Branching and Merging to understand more about this process in GitKraken.

Make sure you currently have the master branch active (double click on it, git checkout master). In GitKraken the Local master branch should be highlighted in green.
Click the Branch button to create a new branch and enter its new name (git checkout -b new-name-of-your-branch).

Pull Anfragen stellen

Pull requests (PRs) are necessary to merge the code in a branch in your local repository with the code in the upstream repository. To summarize the process, once you've modified your branch, you need to push it to your GitHub fork (origin, https://github.com/GITHUBUSERNAME/FreeCAD.git), and from there make a pull request to upstream. GitKraken saves you some clicks to easily create pull requests instead of using GitHub's interface.

Steps in GitKraken:

Find you local branch on the interface and make sure it's active (double click on it).
Right click the branch name and find the option to Push <your-branch-name> and start a pull request.

GitKraken will open a dialog that asks you to confirm the repository which your branch will use to pull and push. It will then push your local branch to that remote repository.

GitKraken will ask you what you want to call the remote branch. The default name is the same name that the branch has locally in your computer.

GitKraken then opens up another dialog asking the repositories and branches to merge, and the direction (from and to).

You normally want to merge from the remote origin <your-branch-name> (GITHUBUSERNAME/FreeCAD) to the remote upstream master branch (FreeCAD/FreeCAD). Be sure to enter a good title for the pull request, and write a more descriptive paragraph if your changes are significant. Consult the official documentation of GitKraken for more information.

Auflösen von Zusammenführungskonflikten

GitKraken has a special merge conflict tool that is only accessible in the GitKraken Pro version. However, there are workarounds to use external tools for merging.

GitKraken compatible external merge tools: Beyond Compare, FileMerge, Kaleidoscope, KDiff, Araxis, P4Merge
If none of the above options work for you, it's possible to specify External merge and diff tools within the configuration file ~/.gitconfig in your user's home directory.

Squashing commits

As a revision control system Git encourages making many commits to keep track of your changes; however, if you have too many small changes the commit history may look a bit messy. Squashing is condensing various commits into only one commit. From the GitKraken manual, squashing is available for commits that meet the following requirements:

You need to select at least two commits to squash.
The youngest commit, by commit date, is also the current HEAD commit.
Genealogically consecutive.
Chronologically consecutive.
The oldest commit in the list has a parent.

If all these conditions are met, the Squash option appears when you right click the commit node. See Squash.gif

Anderen FreeCAD Repositorien folgen

You can use GitKraken to follow the personal FreeCAD forks of other developers; in this way you can see how they write code and commit changes to their own branches before they submit pull requests to the upstream FreeCAD/FreeCAD repository.

In the left side panel next to the Remote category, press the + sign.
A dialogue will come up to enter the name of the repository that you want to add. Recommended remotes are from the main FreeCAD developers and known contributors: wmayer, yorikvanhavre, ickby, sliptonic, kkremitzki, etc.
Press Add Remote.

Now whenever new commits are made, or branches are rebased, by the authors of those repositories, you will see their commit history in a graphical way.